How Quantum Computers Work? Classical Vs Quantum Computing

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What’s the difference between a Classical Computer and a Quantum Computer?

Classical computers operate using only two values, 0 and 1, and rely on predefined physical states to perform calculations. On the other hand, quantum computers leverage superposition and entanglement, allowing them to process vast amounts of data in parallel.

In classical computing, these 0s and 1s are called bits. However, quantum computers use qubits (quantum bits) to store and process information. Unlike classical bits, which can only be 0 or 1 at a given time, qubits can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously.

This means that while a classical bit represents either 0 or 1, a single qubit can represent both 0 and 1 at the same time. When multiple qubits are entangled, they collectively represent multiple states at once, exponentially increasing the computational space.

For example, two classical bits can represent only one of four possible states at a time: (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), or (1,1). But two entangled qubits can represent all four possibilities at once until measured. This phenomenon enables quantum computers to process information far more efficiently than classical computers for certain types of problems.

By entangling multiple qubits and leveraging superposition, quantum computers create a vast multi-dimensional computational space, allowing them to solve complex problems significantly faster than classical computers—particularly in fields like cryptography, optimization, and material science.

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